PERHITUNGAN TEGANGAN SENTUH MENGGUNAKAN TAHANAN KONTAK KAKI DALAM SISTEM PEMBUMIAN PADA GARDU INDUK CIKUPA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/jte.v3i1.738Abstract
Pada saat terjadi gangguan pada Gardu Induk,arus gangguan tanah yang mengalir di tempat gangguan maupun di tempat pembumian, Gardu Induk menimbulkan perbedaan tegangan di permukaan tanah yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya tegangan sentuh yang melampaui batas-batas keamanan bagi manusia yang berada di dalamnya saat terjadi gangguan.perlu dilakukan system pembumian yang sesuai dengan standar yang ada.
Untuk menjamin keamanan dan keselamatan manusia terhadap bahaya tegangan lebih di Gardu Induk diperlukan system pembumian yang baik agar tidak melampaui tegangan sentuh yang diizinkan. Untuk menentukan nilai tegangan sentuh, diperlukan beberapa parameter. Parameter- parameter yang diperlukan diantaranya adalah besarnya arus gangguan tanah maksimum yang mungkin terjadi,luas Gardu Induk, tahanan jenis tanah, tahanan kontak kaki dan ukuran konduktor yang akan digunakan.
Dari perhitungan diperoleh tegangan mesh atau tegangan sentuh maksimum yang sebenarnya (yang mungkin terjadi) sebesar 588,194 V (nilai ini masih berada di bawah nilai maksimum yang diizinkan,638V untuk ukuran berat badan 50 kg). Disamping itu dengan menggunakan tahanan kontak kaki sederhana dan tahanan kontak kaki efektif diperoleh tegangan sentuh masing_masing sebesar 469,44V dan 494,86V dengan kedalaman kisi_kisi pembumian 75 cm, jarak antara kedua kaki 70 cm dan perbandingan tahanan jenis tanah ( ρs/ ρ ) 100Ω . m dan kedua nilai ini masih berada pada batas yang diizinkan.
Kata Kunci : Tegangan Sentuh, Tahanan Kontak Kaki
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