ANALISIS TERMAL KOLEKTOR SURYA TIPE PLAT DATAR DENGAN FLUIDA KERJA ETANOL 96% PADA SISTEM SOLAR WATER HEATER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v6i4.2063Abstract
Abstrak – Optimasi penggunaan energi matahari perlu ditingkatkan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan kolektor surya. Panas yang diterima digunakan sebagai sumber kalor untuk memanaskan etanol 96% sebagai fluida kerja pada sistem solar water heater (SWH). Kegiatan penelitian diawali dengan desain, kontruksi, dan pengujian termal kolektor surya tipe plat datar. tujuan penelitian makalah adalah untuk menentukan energi yang diperoleh oleh fluida kerja secara optimal pada kolektor surya tipe plat datar berdasarkan perubahan debit dan pemasangan batu-batu kerikil yang disusun secara teratur dan merata diatas permukaan plat absorber untuk memperluas permukaan dan meningkatkan temperatur dalam kolektor surya serta menentukan pengaruh penggunaan dua cermin datar terhadap energi berguna pada kolektor surya tipe plat datar secara eksperimen. Analisis termal ini dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan potensi radiasi matahari yang bisa mencapai 5,2 kWh/m2 sebagai media pemanas fluida kerja yaitu etanol 96% merupakan langkah awal penelitian. Kolektor surya tipe plat datar yang digunakan memiliki geometri panjang 1m, lebar 0,5 m, tinggi 0,18 m, kolektor surya dilapisi dua bahan yang berbeda yaitu polistirena foam dengan tebal 0,02 m dan armaflex dengan tebal 0,02 m. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan sesuai variasi. Pengukuran besaran radiasi dan temperatur didalam box kolektor surya, temperatur pada satu kaca penutup, temperatur plat absorber, temperatur lingkungan, temperatur masuk etanol 96%, temperatur keluar etanol 96% dan kecepatan angin. Pengambilan radiasi matahari menggunakan kamera termal dan lux meter, temperatur menggunakan thermocouple tipe K, kecepatan angin menggunakan environment meter, dan debit menggunakan flow monitor. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah temperatur capaian maksimum terjadi ketika debit maksimal 2.0 lpm, dengan batu kerikil pada plat absorber dan sudut reflektor 0⁰.
Kata kunci: optimasi, analisis termal, kolektor surya
Abstract -- Optimization of solar energy use needs to be improved, one of them by using solar collector. The heat received is used as a heat source to heat 96% ethanol as a working fluid on a solar water heater (SWH) system. Research activities begin with the design, construction, and thermal testing of flat plate type solar collectors. the purpose of the research paper is to determine the energy obtained by the working fluid optimally in the flat plate solar collector based on the change of discharge and the installation of gravel stones arranged regularly and evenly over the surface of the absorber plate to expand the surface and increase the temperature in the solar collector and determine the effect of the use of two flat mirrors against the useful energy in the flat plate solar collector experimentally. This thermal analysis is conducted to exploit the potential of solar radiation that can reach 5.2 kWh / m2 as a working fluid heating medium that is 96% ethanol is the first step of research. The flat plate type solar collector used has a 1m long geometry, 0.5 m wide, 0.18 m high, solar collector coated with two different materials: polystyrene foam with 0.02m thick and armaflex with 0.02m thick. The data collection is done by variation. Measurement of radiation and temperature quantities in the solar collector box, temperature on one cover glass, absorber plate temperature, ambient temperature, 96% ethanol entry temperature, 96% ethanol exit temperature and wind speed. Taking solar radiation using thermal and lux meter cameras, temperature using K type thermocouple, wind speed using environment meter, and discharge using flow monitor. The result of this research is the maximum performance temperature occurs when the maximum discharge is 2.0 lpm, with pebbles on the absorber plate and the reflector angle 0⁰.
Keywords: optimization, thermal analysis, solar collector
Downloads
References
. Sylvain quoilin experimental study and modeling of a low temperature rankine cycle for smal scale cogeneration, University of liege, 2007.
. Denny widhiyanuriyawan, sudjito suparman mega bur sasongko, potensi sumber energi angin di wilayah perairan indonesia dengan data satelit QuikSCAT. Proceeding seminar nasional tahunan teknik mesin XI (SNTTM XI) & Thermofluid IV Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, 16-17 Oktober 2012.
. Abu bakar lubis, energi terbarukan dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan, jurnal teknik mesin lingkungan vol 8 No.2 Hal 155-162, Jakarta, Mei 2007, ISSN 1441-318
. M.Helmi F.A.P,Epyk sunarno, Endro Wahyono, Pemanfaatan energi matahari menggunakan solar cell sebagai energi alternative untuk menggerakan konveyor,-
. Harmut speliethoff, andreas schuster.the organic rankine cycle-power production from low temperature heat, electricity generation combined heat power, strasbourg, 14-16 september 2006.
. J.M. Lujan, J.R Serrano, V. Dolz, J. Sanchez. Model expansion precess for 5245fa in an organic rankine cycle. Applied thermal engineering 40 248-257,2012.
. Auliya Burhanuddin, Karakterisitik Kolektor Surya Plat Datar Dengan Variasi Jarak Kaca Penutup Dan Sudut Kemiringin, Skripsi, Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengertahuan Alam, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 2011.
. Selmi, M., M. J. Al-Khawaja, et al. (2008). "Validation of CFD Simulation For Flat Plate Solar Energy Collector." Renewable Energy 33, 383–387.
. Budiman Sudia, Unjuk Kerja Kolektor Surya Plat Datar Menggunakan Reflektor Dua Cermin Datar, DINAMIKA Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, Vol. 1, No. 2, Mei 2010, 85-91
.P. Ir. Sudjito, Ph.D, Alat Penyerap Panas Radiasi Matahari dengan Lapisan Batu Kerikil, Paten No. P00200200648 (ID P 0026349).
.Kumar R, kaushik SC, Garg HP. Analytical study of collector solar-gain enhancement by multiple reflectors. Energy 20 (6):511e2
.Duffie, A.John & Beckmann, William, A, “Solar Energy Thermal Processes”, John Willey & sons.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The copyright to this article is transferred to Universitas Mercu Buana (UMB) if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to UMB. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.
We declare that:
1. This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.
2. It will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
3. A copyright permission is obtained for materials published elsewhere and which require this permission for reproduction.
Furthermore, I/We hereby transfer the unlimited rights of publication of the above mentioned paper in whole to UMB. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions
1. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
2. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the Work or derivative works for the authors personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the UMB copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies UMB endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
3. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
This work is also licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
