PROJECT BASED LEARNING SEBAGAI METODE PEMBELAJARAN ARSITEKTUR PADA MATA KULIAH TEORI ARSITEKTUR JENGKI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2021.v10i2.009Keywords:
Metode Project Based Learning, Teori Arsitektur, Arsitektur JengkiAbstract
Arsitektur adalah ilmu yang mempelajari kegiatan rancang bangun yang menggabungkan beberapa aspek seperti kegunaan, teknik dan seni, sehingga pengalaman terhadap bangunan merupakan salah satu hal yang penting untuk dieksplorasi. Selain menerima mata kuliah perancangan, mahasiswa juga mendapatkan mata kuliah teori dalam proses pembelajarannya sebagai ilmu pengetahuan bidang arsitektur dan penunjang dalam merancang. Salah satunya adalah topik tentang arsitektur Jengki. Pada periode 1950 – 1960, dunia arsitektur di Indonesia dikejutkan dengan hadirnya arsitektur jengki. Bentuk tampilannya sangat berbeda bila dibandingkan dengan perkembangan arsitektur sebelumnya. Objek arsitektur yang dihasilkan merupakan bangunan yang sangat berbeda dari arsitektur kolonial maupun arsitektur Indis yang berkembang pada masa penjajahan tetapi bukan merupakan arsitektur tradisional. Terasa ada keunikan atau kelainan khususnya dalam menampilkan tampang (tampak depan) bangunan bila disandingkan dengan karya arsitektur yang lain, arsitektur jengki tampak berbeda, seakan-akan muncul keganjilan, memberontak dari sesuatu yang lazim (Susilo, 2009). Akan tetapi saat ini arsitektur jengki terancam punah, hal ini dikarenakan banyak orang yang memiliki rumah bergaya jengki yang melakukan renovasi terhadap rumahnya dan mengganti gaya arsitektur aslinya. Selain itu, hingga saat ini arsitektur jengki belum dikategorikan sebagai arsitektur heritage seperti arsitektur tradisional dan arsitektur kolonial, sehingga sangat mungkin pada akhirnya arsitektur jengki betul-betul menghilang. Perlu dilakukan pengenalan dan pembelajaran pada mahasiswa mengenai adanya arsitektur jengki sebagai salah satu bagian dari kekayaan arsitektur di Indonesia yang tidak dimiliki oleh bangsa lain. Untuk mendukung pembelajaran mengenai arsitektur jengki maka diberikan penugasan dimana mahasiswa diminta menganalisis bangunan arsitektur jengki terkait dengan linimasa, karakteristik arsitektur dan spirit yang dimiliki oleh arsitektur jengki, kemudian melakukan redesain pada rumah masing-masing dengan mengaplikasikan ciri-ciri arsitektur jengki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan metode project based learning pada penugasan mata kuliah teori dapat membantu mahasiswa lebih memahami topik perkuliahan teoritis yang diajarkan. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa metode Project Based Learning dapat dilakukan sebagai alat belajar bagi materi yang bersifat teoritis dan dapat meningkatkan kreatifitas mahasiswa dalam desain.
Architecture is the study of building design that combines several aspects such as usability, technique and art, so that building experience is important to explore. In addition to receiving design courses in the learning process to support in designing, students also gain theoretical subjects. One of the subject is about Jengki architecture. In 1950 - 1960, world of Indonesia architecture was surprised by the presence of jengki architecture. The form looks very different when compared to previous architectural developments. The architectural object is a very different building from colonial and Indische architecture that developed during the colonial period but is not a traditional architecture. There is a feeling of uniqueness or abnormality, especially in displaying the appearance (facade) of a building when juxtaposed with other architectural works, jengki architecture looks different, as if anomalies appear, rebelling from something common (Susilo, 2009). However, currently the jengki architecture is threatened with extinction, this is because many people who have jengki style houses are renovating their houses and changing their original architectural styles. In addition, jengki architecture has not been categorized as heritage architecture such as traditional architecture and colonial architecture, so it is very possible that jengki architecture will completely disappear. It is necessary to introduce and learn to students about the existence of jengki architecture as a part of the architectural wealth in Indonesia that is not owned by other countries. To support learning about jengki architecture, an assignment was given where students were asked to analyze the jengki architectural buildings related to the timeline, architectural characteristics, and spirit of jengki architecture, then redesign their respective houses by applying jengki architectural features. This study aims to determine how the application of the Project Based Learning method in the assignment of theoretical courses can help students better understand the theoretical lecture topics being taught. From the research it is known that the Project Based Learning method can be done as a learning tool for theoretical material and can increase student creativity in design.
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