Self-Assessment Tool Kesiapsiagaan Komponen Struktural Bangunan Sekolah Tahan Gempa Bumi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/jrs.2022.v11.i2.03Keywords:
kesiapsiagaan bencana, kesiapsiagaan struktur, pemeriksaan berkala bangunan, mitigasi bencanaAbstract
Gempa bumi dapat menyebabkan suatu bangunan runtuh, termasuk bangunan sekolah. Akibatnya, tidak sedikit korban jiwa yang ditimbulkan dari keruntuhan tersebut. Kebanyakan bangunan sekolah yang runtuh bukan diakibatkan oleh magnitude gempa bumi, melainkan minimnya kesiapsiagaan struktur bangunan sekolah. Diperlukan kesadaran dari pihak manajemen sekolah untuk melakukan pemeriksaan berkala secara mandiri terhadap kondisi komponen struktural bangunan sekolah beserta upaya pemeliharaannya. Penilaian diri (self-assessment) diharapkan dapat dilakukan dengan anggaran yang cukup murah dan menjadi dasar bagi penilaian lanjutan oleh para ahli bangunan jika diperlukan. Namun, belum adanya alat ukur tersebut di Indonesia menyebabkan pemeriksaan ini sangat sulit dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkannya berdasarkan kajian literatur panduan penanggulangan bencana untuk bangunan sekolah dan standar pemeriksaan bangunan di berbagai negara. Beberapa variabel penelitian yang terbentuk selanjutnya diolah menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah alat ukur untuk mengidentifikasi kesiapsiagaan struktur bangunan sekolah yang terdiri dari: Data Diri Sekolah, Data Bangunan Sekolah, Prasyarat Pemeriksaan, dan Pemeriksaan Visual yang terdiri dari 4 kategori utama: Kondisi dan Luas Bangunan (16%), Pengetahuan Instrumen Penunjuk Risiko Gempa Bumi (22%), Upaya Pemeliharaan Komponen Struktural Bangunan Sekolah (27%), dan Identifikasi Awal Kerusakan Komponen Struktur (36%). Tingkat kesiapsiagaan komponen struktural suatu bangunan sekolah yang baik perlu memenuhi angka minimum sebesar 80.Downloads
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