PENGARUH WINDOW-TO-WALL RATIO (WWR) DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI ENERGI BANGUNAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2022.v11i2.004Keywords:
WWR, selubung bangunan, pemakaian energi bangunanAbstract
Jendela pada bangunan mempunyai peran yang sangat penting pada kinerja termal bangunan yang besarnya tergantung pada bentuk dan karakter dinding luar atau selubung bangunannya. Perbandingan luas jendela dengan luas dinding luar disebut Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), mempunyai kosekuensi dalam mengendalikan besarnya pemakaian energy pada bangunan. Permasalahannya adalah berapa nilai WWR yang dianggap optimal pada bentuk selubung yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen model dengan menggunakan simulasi komputer untuk mengamati berbagai bentuk selubung bangunan perkantoran bertingkat banyak di Jakarta yang menggunakan beberapa besaran WWR untuk mencapai nilai optimal. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengubah-ubah besaran WWR mulai 50% hingga 20% pada beberapa bentuk selubung bangunan yang umum digunakan. Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan bangunan standar pada kondisi dasar. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan simulasi DOE-2.1E dengan menggunakan model bentuk dasar bangunan yang mengacu pada standar energy bangunan perkantoran untuk Indonesia, sedangkan model selubung bangunan diklasifikasikan kedalam 5 bentuk model yang umum digunakan di Indonesia. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan perbedaan nilai optimasi tergantung karakter bentuk selubungnya, namun pada umumnya di semua bentuk selubung terjadi kecenderungan penurunan pemakaian energy pada WWR 50%-40%, tetapi kecenderungan tersebut mulai mengecil pada WWR 30% hingga 20%. Jika WWR terus dikurangi justru membuat ruangan dalam bangunan menjadi gelap dan akan meningkatkan pemakaian energy dikarenakan meningkatnya beban pencahayaan didalam bangunan.
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